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Unit 2: Human Resource Management

Organizational Structures

Business Organisational Structures

Ib business studies organizational management structures

IB business studies horizontal and vertical organizational structures

Advantages of a Tall Model:

  • Can be more specialised to certain tasks
  • Allows for a greater degree of control from team manager
  • Commuincation can be filtered as and when neccessary.

IB business studies clover shamrock organization structure

 

 

Advantages of a Flat Model:

  • Allows director to be more involved in every day decision making
  • Communication flows quickly and more efficiently
  • May improve productivity through greater feeling of unity

 

 

 

 

 

 

Manipulating the Organisational Stucture

Centralisation - this occurs when the span of control is reduced. The organisational structure will therefore become taller. Decentralisation is the opposite

Delayering - this occurs when a company believes it has too many managerial layers and decides to improve efficiency and commuication by removing one of the layers. It may lead to more work for the remaining workers though. This will result in a shorter organisational structure

Delegation - passing down authority from one manager to a subordinate

    • Increased participation / motivation
    • Less produc

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Motivation

Motivational Theory

Maslows hierarchy of needs Ib business studies

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Herzberg's Two Factor Theory

Herzberg's theory differentiates between two separate groups; motivators and demotivators (which he calls Hygiene Factors). If a company had fantastic hygiene factors (such as job security) this does not mean they are motivated to work hard; however, if they do not look after the hygiene factors, then they will be demotivated and produce much less.

On the other hand, motivational factors are independant from hygiene factors; by rewarding workers, challenging them and giving them recognition for their efforts, they will be motivated to work harder and produce more. Motivational factors are not related to salary.

IB business studies herzberg motivation theory herzberg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Video: Motivational factors in the business world

Video: Alternative ways to motivate workers

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

Theory X Managers Theory Y Managers
  • Believe workers are lazy and have no motivation
  • Believe workers need to be controlled and managede
  • Managers should be autocratic to enforce greater production
  • Believe workers have many motivations
  • Believe workers should be delegated more power
  • Believe a democratic /paternalistic approach encourages more production

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leadership

Leadership Types

There are three main forms of leadership:

1) Autocratic - this is when a leader has a high degree of control and imposes his/her will on the workforce. They allocate work to be done, make all major decisions and do not tolerate other ideas. Work is focused and often broken up into componants.

2) Democratic - this occurs when a leader takes the ideas of others around him/her. Decision making is often shared and there is a high degree of delegation. Often associated with a more hands-off laissez-faire attitude.

3) Paternalistic - is the type of leader who listens to other opinions but ultimately makes final decisions, offering advice and guiding the workforce to act in a certain manner.

IB business leadership

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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